2019年自考《英语词汇学》考试重点四

很多同学对2019年自考《英语词汇学》考试的重点不是很清楚，那么就跟希赛小编来了解下，希望能对各位正在的同学有所帮助。

Chapter 7 Changes in Word Meaning词义的演变

Vocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. Comparatively the content is even more unstable than the form.

Types of Changes 词义变化的种类(extension,narrowing,degradation,elevation and transfer)

Extension or generalization词义的扩大:is the name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo.[companion (old)one who shares bread (ex)a company]

Narrowing or specialization词义的缩小：is the opposite of widening meaning. When a common words is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is narrowed. [meat (old)food (na)flesh of animals]

Elevation or amelioration of meaning词义的升华: the process by which words rise from humble(粗陋的) beginnings to positions of importance. [knight (old)servant (el)rank below baronet从男爵]

Degeneration or pejoration词义的贬降:A process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or no-affective words come to used in derogatory sense.[silly (old)happy (de)foolish]

Transfer词义的转移:Words which were used to designate指明 one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.(140)

Causes of Semantic Change词义变化的原因

Extra-linguistic factors 141

1 Historical reason 2 Class reason (elevation or degradation) 3 Psychological reason

Linguistic factors：the change of meaning may be caused by internal factors with in the language system.

Chapter 8 Meaning and Context 意义和语境

Context in its traditional sense refers to the lexical items that precede or follow a given word. Modern linguists have broadened its scope to include both linguistic and extra-linguistic contexts.

Two types of context

Linguistic context：It refers to the words,clauses,sentences in which a word appears. It may cover a paragraph,a whole chapter and even the entire book.

1) Lexical context：It refers to the word that occurs together with the word in question.

2) Grammatical context：It refers the situation when the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs.

Extra-linguistic context：In a broad sense,it includes the physical situaion as well.it embraces the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background.

The role of context语境的作用

Elimination of ambiguity消除歧义

1)Ambiguity due to polysemy or homonymy.

2)Grammatical structure can also lead to ambiguity

Indication of referents限定所指

Provision of clues for inferring word meaning 提供线索以猜测词义

最后小编建议大家，如果实在不知道该怎么备考，就根据网上教程来学习。

点击进入：英语词汇学(00832)精讲班视频教程

本视频课程根据最新版高等教育自学考试指定教材《英语词汇学(00832)》精心录制。课程内容包括：考试题型解读，考试重点难点分析介绍，各章节知识内容精讲，典型例题分析讲解。