Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem,

第1题

Large companies need a way to reach the saving of the public at large（大多数，整个). The sa

Large companies need a way to reach the saving of the public at large(大多数，整个). The same problem, on a small seals, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs . There can be little prospect of raising(筹集) the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. They do this by issuing(发行) stocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange (证券交易所). By doing that so they can put into circulation(流通) the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.

When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.

Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function(运作). All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to the Stock Exchange.

There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel (渠道) through which these savings can reach those who need finance.

Almost all companies involved in new production and development must______.

A．rely on their own financial resources

B．persuade the banks to provide long-term finance

C．borrow large sums of money from friends and people they know

D．depend on the population as a whole for finance

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第2题

Corporations as a group offer a variety of jobs. Most large companies send people to colle

ges to interview graduating students with the required academic training. A large university may have more than 500 companies a year knocking on its door. Big firms are your best place for a job because their normal growth, employee retirements, and turnover (补缺工人数) create thousands of jobs nationwide each year. They are quite attractive for job seekers.

Corporations, however, illustrate the rule that the biggest isn't always the best. Many small firms with just a few hundred employees have positions that may correspond with your profession goals, too. Such firms may not have the time, money, or need to send people around to your college; you'll probably have to contact them yourself either directly or through an employment agency. Don't ignore these little companies. They are perhaps beneficial for you. Their salaries are usually competitive and the chances for advancement and recognition even stronger than those of a big firm. You could become a big fish in a small pond, reaching a high-level position more quickly than you would if you had climbed the more competitive ladder of a corporate giant. What's more, a small Firm can develop into a big corporation. Many famous companies such as Microsoft, Amazon bookstore, Haier, are just from small ones.

For example, a small company may need a bright engineering, accounting or management graduate who would report directly to the senior vice-president of engineering, the company controller, or the general manager. In large firms it may take years to reach that level and accumulate similar in-depth experience. In addition, responsibilities may come faster in a small firm with less specialization and fewer lower-level employees to receive delegated authority.

It is critical that what is your want indeed from the work. No matter what kind of company it is, big or small, if it meets your needs, it is a good one.

The purpose of the passage is______.

A．to define corporations and Firms

B．to show the relation between firms and colleges

C．to inform. the job-seeker of the employment requirements

D．to give a description of corporations for college students

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第3题

Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem,

on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institution, both at home and overseas. When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.

Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve ns properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently needed to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to The Stock Exchange.

There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another, this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.

Almost all companies involved in new production and development must ______.

A．rely in their own financial resources

B．persuade the banks to provide long-term finance

C．borrow large sums of money from friends and people we know

D．depend on the population as a whole for finance

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第4题

In the university Jim was a fast-tracker. He made good grades with little effort, and his

classmates thought of him "most likely to succeed". After graduation, he joined a large company and at first did well. However, he switched to several smaller companies where the same pattern developed time and again; well-liked, regarded as a fast tracker. People wonder why he isn't doing better.

Then there was Tom who was always regarded as "average. " However, he set his goals high, and then found a way to achieve his goal. Today he owns a million-dollar company.

Researchers have found that school performance is little related to job competence. Qualities like "steady and dependable" and "practical and organized" are more important.

"You don't need talent to succeed" , insist some experts. "All you need is a big pot of glue (胶水). You put some on your chair, you sit down, and you stick to every project until you've done the best you can do. "Average achievers stay glued to their chairs and postpone pleasure so they can receive future benefits. Many fast-trackers, on the other hand, expect too much too soon. When rewards don't materialize instantly, they may become disappointed and unhappy.

A fast-tracker in this passage refers to a person who______.

A．feels happy with everything

B．make others disappointed and unhappy

C．is an excellent student

D．learns new things quickly

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第5题

There are stock markets（股票市场) in large cities in many countries. The stock exchange is

There are stock markets(股票市场) in large cities in many countries. The stock exchange is a place where people can buy or sell shares of a factory or company. And each share means certain ownership of a factory or company.

Different people go to stock markets. Some are rich, who want to get more money than they have. Others are not very rich, who buy stocks to try to become rich. Still others buy stocks as part of their plan to save money.

Of course, investing(投资) money in the stock market is not the safest way to make money. No one can tell exactly whether the shares will be doing well. The factory or company may do badly. Then the stocks will go down, and the investors will lose money. The stock may go up or down for a number of untold reasons. Everyone wants the stock to go up, but sometimes even if a factory or company does a good job, the stock may still go down.

No wonder going to the stock market is often compared to gambling (赌博). Factories and companies that need money are pleased that so many people are willing to "gamble". Indeed, the stock market is an attractive and complex part of the business world.

If you are a good investor, ______in the stock market.

A．you can always make money

B．you can tell exactly when the stock goes up or down

C．you may sometimes lose money

D．your gambling is always safe

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第6题

（课外选材)When computer servers operate a complex program, they can get very hot. Cool

(课外选材)

When computer servers operate a complex program, they can get very hot. Cooling the servers can be costly. So researchers asked what would happen if the heat created by the servers could be captured and used？

Data centers of large Internet companies such as Google and Microsoft have thousands of computer servers. As these servers process information, they create large amounts of heat, so they need huge cooling systems. These systems send the heat into the air. The Dutch company Nerdalize thinks paying for electricity to operate the servers and then paying again to cool them is a waste of energy. So it developed a device called the e-Radiator. It is a computer server that also works as a heating source. Boaz Leupe is the chief executive officer of Nerdalize. He says the e-Radiator saves money because companies don't have to pay to cool their servers.

"The kilowatt(千瓦)hour you are using is used twice -- once to heat the home and once to compute the client's task without the cooling overhead." He says five homeowners in the Netherlands are testing the heating device in their homes. "We reimburse the electricity the server uses, and that we can do because of the computer clients on the other side, and, in that way, homeowners actually get heating for free, and computer users don't have to pay for the overhead of the data center.

Jan Visser is one of the participants in the year-long experiment. He says the amount of heat produced by the e-Radiator depends on the work being done by the computer server. He says it cannot be used as the primary source of heat. But he is ready to try it.

He says if it provides enough warmth, he will be able to use his home's heating system less, which will save him money. Nerdalize says e-Radiators create heat temperatures of up to 55℃. It says the devices could save users up to $440 in heating costs a year.

1.Why did researchers ask what would happen if the heat created by the servers could be captured and used？{A; B; C}

A. Because computers can get very hot.

B. Computer servers is a complex program.

C. Cooling computer servers costs a lot of money.

2.The computer servers in large Internet companies such as Google and Microsoft can {A; B; C}.

A. create large amounts of information

B. create large quantity of heat

C. manage the huge cooling systems

3. Nerdalize developed the e-Radiator because {A; B; C}.

A. e-Radiator cost less energy

B. e-Radiator can cool the servers for free

C. e-Radiator can create cold air for free

4.According to Jan Visser, the amount of heat produced by the e-Radiator {A; B; C}.

A. depends on the work being processed by PC

B. cannot be used as the home's heating system

C. cannot be used as the main source of heat

5.The best title for this passage is {A; B; C}

A. The New Way to Heat Homes

B. The New Way to Cool Homes

C. Hot Computers Could Be Used for Free

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第7题

When your family wants to buy or replace a car, a television, or a washing machine, you fi

nd the money either from savings or by borrowing from the bank, a hire-purchase company or perhaps a friend. Similarly, a family buying a house for the first time commonly borrows from a building society(住宅互助委员会).

If you own a private business, a garage, shop, or a farm, you will need, from time to time, to buy new equipment, new furnishings, or, if you are doing well, new premises(房屋) so that you can expand. Some of the cost you can meet from the profits you have kept in the business, but often you will need help.

You will go to your bank, to a finance house, or perhaps to a relative or friend for finance provided from his savings. When you borrow money or raise money in this way you pay it back out of future profits.

Many large businesses, however, need cash for new developments or expansion far in excess of what can be provided from their profits or from private sources of capital. A new factory, an oil-well in the North Sea, can cost millions of pounds to construct and bring into production; a new design of car or brand of medicine likewise can cost millions of pounds to design, develop, test and market before it reaches the stage where it earns a profit.

Often these costs can be met from profits earned in other parts of the business or from reserves built up from profits earned in past years. Sometimes, however, it is necessary, and often it may be more advantageous, to raise new money from other sources.

There can be little prospect of raising the sort of stuns needed by major businesses from friends or acquaintances, and generally the banks are reluctant to provide sufficient cash on a permanent basis for long-term projects, though they will provide short-term finance. Such companies can sometimes only raise the money they need to stay in the front of industry and develop new products and sources of production by turning to the public at large and inviting it to lend them cash or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they can do by offering shares in the business or loan capital through stock exchange(证券交易所).

If you want to buy a house, which of the following could you do？

A．Borrow the money from a building society.

B．Borrow the money from a bank.

C．Take money from your savings.

D．Ask a friend to help you out.

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第8题

People can be addicted to different things—e.g., alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even te

levision. People who have such an addiction are compulsive, i.e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders: they feel they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrational—impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.

There is a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things they don't need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior. a good reason for things that they do and the real reason.

It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business: they consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic value, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.

Psychologists can often use a method called "behavior. therapy" to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.

According to the psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money ______.

A．and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys

B．in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life

C．just to meet his or her strong psychological need

D．entirely with an irrational eagerness

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第9题

People can be addicted to different things—e, g., alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even t

elevision. People who have such an addiction are compulsive, i.e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders: they feel they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrational—impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous' amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.

There is a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things they don't need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy

something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior. a good reason for things that they do and the real reason.

It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business: they consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic value, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.

Psychologists can often use a method called "behavior. therapy" to help individuals solve their personality problems, in the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.

According to the psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money______.

A．and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys

B．in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life

C．just to meet his or her strong psychological need

D．entirely with an irrational eagerness

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第10题

There are stock markets in large cities in many countries. Stock markets in Paris, London,

Tokyo, Shanghai and New York are among the largest and most well-known. The stock market, also called stock exchange, is a place where people can buy or sell shares of a factory or a company. And each share means certain ownership of a factory or a company.

Different people go to stock markets. Some are rich, who want to get more money than they have. Others are not rich, who buy stocks and try to become rich. Still others buy stocks as part of their plan to save money. Of course, investing money in the stock market is not the safest way to make money. No one can tell exactly whether the shares will be doing well. The factory or the company may do badly. Then the stocks will go down, and investors will lose money. The stock may go up or down for a number of untold reasons. Everyone wants the stock go up, but sometimes even if a factory or company does a good job, the stock may still go down.

No wonder going to the stock market is often compared to gambling (赌博) . All are anxious to make money by "gambling" in the stock market. Factories and companies that need money are pleased that so many people are willing to "gamble".

According to the passage, if you have a share of a company or a factory, it means that you______.

A．can buy the company or the factory

B．can sell the company or the factory

C．will become the owner of the company or the factory

D．are one of the owners of the company or the factory

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第11题

Many companies have a substantial number of computers_______.

A.large

B.important

C.great

D.material

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