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[主观题]

Though society is increasingly open-minded, the rates of interracial marriages are sti

ll fairly infrequent.However, if you consider that, in a society with a much more conservative attitude, there were not interracial marriages before, at least not ones that were supported, then the current rates are higher.There are still problems in addition to societal approval.

There is a need for people to conform. with society, therefore preventing social-emotional support for interracial couples.Many people are afraid of getting involved because of what others will think.People are often much more open to and ready to embrace the idea when it does not affect their life.“ I support the kid down the street marrying for love, no matter what color skin the person they love has.” However, the same person is not necessarily so supportive when his child brings home someone of another race.Without the support of family, relationships feel more stressful.

Different cultural ideas also increase stress in a relationship.People tend to argue more when they agree less.They tend to agree less when their ideas about things are different.People naturally value their ideas more than they value the ideas of others.This causes each person in the relationship to constantly try to convince the other that their ideas are worthy and that they are worthy of love.A relationship with constant disagreement and a consistent effort to convince the other they deserve their love, without a social network for support, is not likely to be a long-term relationship.

Experts suggest that the way to overcome this is to have a new identity.After securing themselves in the relationship, the partners develop new relational identities that are uniquely and mutually theirs as an interracial couple.This new identity provides the support that is needed to make a relationship succeed.

11.The main idea of Paragraph 1 is that_______.

A.in a conservative society in the past, there were no interracial marriages

B.in a conservative society in the past, interracial marriages were not supported

C.the rates of interracial marriages are still infrequent in an open society

D.compared with the rates of interracial marriages in the past, the current rates are higher

12.According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A.Since people are much more open in the modern society, they support interracial marriages

B.When their child falls in love with someone of another race, parents are usually supportive

C.People do not have to obey the rules of the society

D.Many people are supportive to interracial marriages when they are not concerned.

13.The author’s attitude toward interracial marriages is _______.

A.indifferent

B.supportive

C.neutral

D.negative

14.The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that _______.

A.people always try to convince other people that they are worthy of love

B.modern people tend to value their ideas more than they value the ideas of others

C.constant disagreement will usually lead to a short-term relationship if a supportive social network is not available

D.because of different cultural ideas, people tend to argue more while they agree less

15.The author mentions in the last paragraph that a successful interracial marriage depends on _________.

A.support from society

B.a new identity

C.a new identity and social support

D.a unique and mutual relationship

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更多“Though society is increasingly open-minded, the rates of interracial marriages are sti”相关的问题

第1题

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic ma
nagement in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog (齿轮) in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped (播送的) music, and by psychologists and "human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets (木偶) who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.

The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job, they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.

Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again—by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth century "free enterprise capitalism"? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and reason—are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.

By "well-oiled cog in the machinery" (Para. 1) the author intends to render the idea that man is ______ .

A.a necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligible

B.working in complete harmony with the rest of society

C.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothly

D.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly

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第2题

Questions 25 to 28 are based on the following passage:

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.

The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.

Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again-by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.

Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of love and of reason-are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.

25.By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is______.

A.a necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligible

B.working in complete harmony with the rest of the society

C.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothly

D.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly

26.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that______.

A.they are likely to lose their jobs

B.they are deprived of their individuality and independence

C.they take no interest in life and work

D.they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence

27.From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those______.

A.who are at the bottom of the society

B.who are higher up in their social status

C.who prove better than their fellow competitors

D.who could keep far away from this competitive world

28.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should______.

A.enable man to fully develop his potentialities

B.offer higher wages to the workers and employees

C.resort to the production mode of our ancestors

D.take the fundamental realities for granted

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第3题

There is much discussion today about whether economic growth is desirable. At an earlier p
eriod, our desire for material wealth may have been justified. Now, howerer, this desire for more than we need is causing serious problems. Even though we have good intentions, we may be producing too much, too fast.

Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, the possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment, and the continuing increase in the world's population. As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue, and the quality of life will decrease.

People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people in the world. These proponents of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world. Furthermore, they argue that only continued growth can provide the financial resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industrialization.

This debate over the desirability of continued economic growth is of vital importance to business and industry. If those who argue against economic growth are correct, the problems they mention cannot be ignored. To find a solution, economists and the business community must pay attention to these problems and continue discussing them with one another.

What is this passage primarily concerned with?

A.The problems caused by economic growth.

B.The desirability of economic growth.

C.The desire for more material wealth.

D.The limits of economic growth.

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第4题

A . even without international links

B . Chinese students and academics

C . the crisis on economic growth

D . A strong research system

E . in part because of this

Education and academic quality can mean different things to different people , depending on their perspective , role and context and , (), quality is notoriously difficult to evaluate .The question of how to do this has been pursued for many years .

Nevertheless , the goal of improving educational quality is agreed by al and stimulated further by the recent worldwide economic downturn and the need to cOunteract the impact of ()and prepare for economic recovery .

As the World Bank and UNESCO said 10 years ago :“ The quality of knowledge generated within higher education institutions , and its availability to the wider economy , is becoming increasingly critical to national competitiveness .” They also rightly emphasized that()at the national level opens up the possibility that substantial additional public benefits can be realized through international links .”

This is precisely why ()should contribute to these global benefits , reforming and improving evaluation systems for educational and academic quality . Original and good research , especialy in science , economics and social sciences , has a trickle - down efect on society . And it offers additional benefits ()though international colaboration and exchange of the best evaluation policy and practice can bring substantial advantages to al partners in relation to lessons learned elsewhere .

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第5题

To what extent are the unemployed failing in their duty to society to work, and how far ha
s the State an obligation to ensure that they have work to do?

It is by now increasingly recognized that workers may be thrown out of work by industrial forces beyond their control, and that the unemployed are in some sense paying the price of the economic progress of the community. But concern with unemployment and the unemployed changes sharply. The issues of duty and responsibility were re-opened and made active by the unemployment scare of 1971--1972. Rising unemployment and increased sums paid out in benefits to the workless had reawakened controversies which had been inactive during most of the period of fuller employment since the war ended the Depression. It looked as though in future there would again be too little work to go round, so there were arguments about how to produce more work, how the available work should be shared out, and who was responsible for unemployment and the unemployed.

In 1972 there were critics who said that the State's action in allowing unemployment to rise was a barrier of faith, a breaking of the social contract between society and the worker. Yet the main contribution by employers to unemployment--such as laying off workers in order to introduce technological changes and maximize profit-tended to be ignored. And it was the unemployed who were accused of failing to honor the social contract, by not fulfilling their duty to society to work. In spite of general concern at the scale of the unemployment statistics when the unemployed were considered as individuals they tended to attract scorn and threats of punishment. Their capacities and motivation as workers and their values as members of society became suspect. Of all the myths of the Welfare State, stories of the workshy and stealing have been the least well founded on evidence, yet they have proved the most persistent. The unemployed were accused of being responsible for their own workless condition, and doubts were expressed about the State's obligation either to provide them with the security of work or to support them through social security.

Underlying the arguments about unemployment and the unemployed is a basic disagreement about the nature and meaning of work in society. To what extent can or should work be regarded as a service, not only performed by the worker for society but also made secure for the worker by the State, and subsidized if necessary? And apart from cash are there social pressures and satisfactions which cause individuals to seek and keep work, so that the workless need work rather than just cash?

What the author proposes to examine is ______.

A.How far it is the unemployed who are to blame if they are not working and how much of it is the State's fault

B.to what extent the State should insist on the unemployed working if they fail to do so

C.whether work should be obligatory, and if so, whether the State or tile individual is responsible for enforcing the obligation

D.whether being at work is a social duty which the State should ensure everybody carries out

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第6题

Let us ask what were the preparation and training Abraham Lincoln had for oratory whether
political or forensic.

Born in rude and abject poverty, he never had any education, except what he gave himself, till he was approaching manhood. Not even books wherewith to inform. and train his mind were within his reach. No school, no university, no legal faculty had any part in training his powers. When he became a lawyer and a politician, the years most favorable to continuous study had already passed, and the opportunities he found for reading were very scanty. He knew but few authors in general literature, though he knew those few thoroughly. He taught himself a little mathematics, but he could read no language save his own, and had only the faintest acquaintance with European history or with any branch of philosophy.

The want of regular education was not made up for by the persons among whom his lot was cast. Until he was a grown man, he never moved in any society from which he could learn those things with which the mind of an orator was to be stored. Even after he had gained some legal practice, there was for many years no one for him to mix with except the petty practitioners of a petty town, men nearly all of whom knew little more than he did himself.

Schools gave him nothing, and society gave him nothing. But he had a powerful intellect and a resolute will. Isolation fostered not only self-reliance but the habit of reflection, and, indeed, of prolonged and intense, reflection. He made all that he knew a part of himself. His convictions were his own—clear and coherent. He was not positive or opinionated and he did not deny that at certain moments he pondered and hesitated long before he decided' on his course. But though he could keep a policy in suspense, waiting for events to guide him, he did not waver. He paused and reconsidered, but it was never his way to go back on a decision once more or to waste time in vain regrets so that all he had expected had not been attained. He took advice readily and left many things to his ministers; but he did not lean on his advisers. Without vanity or ostentation, he was always independent, self-contained, prepared to take full responsibility for his acts.

The implication of the second paragraph is that Abraham Lincoln______

A.was illiterate

B.was never educated

C.was never provided with any regular education

D.behaved rudely when he was young

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第7题

It is hard to get any agreement on the precise meaning of the term "social class" In every
day life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to place a new acquaintance, however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.

In the eighteenth-century one of the first modern economists, Adam Smith, thought that the "whole annual produce of the land and labor of every country provided revenue to "three different orders of people: Those who live by rent, those who live by wages, those who live by profit". Each successive stage of the industrial revolution, however, made the social structure more complicated.

Many intermediate groups grew up during the nineteenth-century between the upper middle class and the working class. There were small-scale industrialists as well as large ones, small shopkeepers and tradesmen, officials and salaried employees, skilled and unskilled workers, and professional men such as doctors and teachers. Farmers and peasants continued in all countries as independent groups.

During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the possession of wealth inevitably affected a person's social position. Intelligent industrialists with initiative made fortunes by their wits which lifted them into an economic group far higher than their working-class parents. But they lacked the social training of the upper class, who despised them as the "new rich".

They often sent their sons and daughters to special schools to acquire social training. Here their children mixed with the children of the upper classes were accepted by them, and very often found marriage partners from among them. In the same way, a thrifty, hardworking labourer, though not clever enough himself, might save for his son enough to pay for an extended secondary school education in the hope that he would move into a white-collar's occupation, carrying with it a higher salary and move up in the social scale.

In the twentieth century the increased taxation of higher incomes, the growth of the social services, and the wider development of educational opportunity have considerably altered the social outlook. The upper classes no longer are the sole, or even the main possessors of wealth, power and education, though inherited social position still carries considerable prestige.

Many people today are hostile towards class distinctions and privileges and hope to achieve a classless society. The trouble is that as one inequality is removed, another tends to take its place, and the best that has as far been attempted is a society in which distinctions are elastic and in which every member has fair opportunities for making the best of his abilities.

How do we place people in society in relation to ourselves, according to the text?

A.Mainly by their way of speaking.

B.According to the place where they were born.

C.By regarding them inferior to ourselves.

D.According to a complex mixture of factors.

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第8题

In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing
social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon adsorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.

Every code of etiquette has contained three elements: basic moral duties; practical roles which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, Say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.

In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzaia, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents' presence without asking permission.

Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot.

Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior. in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Province, in France. Provinces had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form. in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.

In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior. of fashionable society had little influence on the dally life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name. Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of banning or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest.

One characteristic of the rich classes of a declining society is their tendency to______

A.take in the recently wealthy

B.retreat within themselves

C.produce publications on manners

D.change the laws of etiquette

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第9题

In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic m
anagement in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, Nell-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.

The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interesting life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.

Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again-by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one ’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.

Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not.Problems the never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system form, a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maxima, production and consumption are ends in themselves, into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities-those of all love and of reason-are the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end and should be prevented from ruling man.

By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery ” the author intends to deliver the idea that man is ____.

A.a necessary part of the society though each individual ’s function is negligible

B.working in complete harmony with the rest of the society

C.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society

D.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly

The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____.A.they are likely to lose their jobs

B.they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life

C.they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence

D.they are deprived of their individuality and independence

From the passage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those ____.A.who are at the bottom of the society

B.who are higher up in their social status

C.who prove better than their fellow-competitors

D.who could dip fir away from this competitive world

To solve the present social problems the author puts forward a suggestion that we should ____.A.resort to the production mode of our ancestors

B.offer higher wages to the workers and employees

C.enable man to fully develop his potentialities

D.take the fundamental realities for granted

The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of ____.A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析,谢谢!

点击查看答案

第10题

Questions are based on the following passage. Saying they can no longer ignore the rising

Questions are based on the following passage.

Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influentialmedical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care.The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it,suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent.In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment—at the end of life, for example—is too expensive.In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisionsbased on cost is a form. of rationing.Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones areexpected to make doctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, even though there"s no obligation to follow them.Medical society guidelines are also used by insurancecomoanies to help determine reimbursement (报销) policies.Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and fmancial

Overseers."There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn"t be functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr.Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital.He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, "I"m not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it"s bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts." Doctors can face some grim trade—offs.Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are about

equally effective in treating macular degeneration, and eye disease.But one costs $ 50 a dose and the other close to $ 2,000.Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used the cheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis.But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye.and using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk.Should doctors consider Medicare"s budget in deciding what to use?"I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and not trying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole," said Dr.Donald Jensen.Still, some analysts say that there"s a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so."In some ways," said Dr.Daniel Sulmasy, "it represents a failure of wider society

to take up the issue."

What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do? 查看材料

A.Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.

B.Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.

C.Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.

D.Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.

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