The West begun to take more notice of the East. （西方国家开始越来越关注东方国家)The

第1题

The West has begun to take more notice of the East. The fifth volume of an enormous work r

e- assessing the Chinese contribution to science and technology is to be published next year. The first volume, which was published twenty years ago, set the tone for the whole work. In it, evidence was given to show that many inventions which, until then, Western historians had claimed for Europe, were made first in China. The attempt to rewrite the intellectual history of the world was not received without protest by some famous historians. However, the evidence that has been presented so far in the first four volumes has persuaded many historians who were skeptical at first. China's invention of paper, printing, the magnetic compass and gunpowder has never been disputed, but this new history has added advanced bridge design, mechanical clocks, paddle boats and many other inventions to the list.

In the four volumes published so far no attempt has been made to explain why China has not kept up with the West in science and technology in modem times. It is probable that the answer is to be found in the social and economic history of China, where a static(静态的) society under a relatively kind ruling of scholars contrasts with the potentially revolutionary and dynamic society of the West at the end of the Middle Ages. In recent years, the Chinese government has been making every effort to catch up with the West again, and there is little doubt that the gap is being reduced year by year. But will China avoid the West's mistakes？

So far, how many volumes of the book have been published？

A．Five.

B．Four.

C．Three.

D．None.

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第2题

Many countries will not allow cigarette advertising in their newspaper or on TV-especially

【1】the advertisements are usually written with young people in mind. 【2】advertising, the tobacco companies have begun to 【3】sports events. They give money to football, motor racing, tennis and a number of 【4】sports 【5】condition that the name of the cigarette is 【6】This is now 【7】concern, because it does exactly 【8】many ads try to do-suggest that smoking has some connection 【9】being strong and athletic.

In all this, the point of view of the non-smokers has to be 【10】as well: "3 wish smoker would stop 【11】the air. I wish I could eat in a restaurant 【12】having to smell cigarettes smoke." It has been 【13】that, in a room where a large number of people are smoking, a non-smoker will breathe in the 【14】of two or three cigarettes during an evening. 【15】, non-smokers are now majority in many western countries. More and more people are giving up the habit, discouraged by high prices, influenced by 【16】advertising or just aware that smoking is no longer really a polite thing to do.

Faced with lower sales, the western tobacco companies have begun to look outside their own countries. They have begun advertising 【17】to persuade young people in developing countries that smoking American or British or French cigarette is a sophisticated western habit, which they should copy. As a result, more and more young people are spending 【18】money they have on a product which the west recognizes 【19】unhealthy and no longer wants. The high number of young smokers in India, in South America and in South East Asia will become some of tomorrow's 【20】.

(1)

A．that

B．when

C．where

D．since

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第3题

The West begun to take more notice of the East. The fifth volume of an enormous work r

e-assessing the Chinese contribution to science and technology is to be published next year. The first volume, which was published twenty years ago, set the tone for the whole work. In it, evidence was given to show that many inventions which, until then, western historians had claimed for Europe, were made first in. The attempt to rewrite the intellectual history of the world was not received without protest by some reputable historians. However, the evidence that has been presented so far in the first four volumes has persuaded many historians who wereskepticalat first.'s invention of paper, printing, the magnetic compass and gunpowder has never been disputed, but this new history has added advanced bridge design, mechanical clocks, paddle boats and many other inventions to the list.

In the four volumes published so far no attempt has been made to explain why China has not kept up with the West in science and technology in modern times. It is probable that the answer isto be found in the social and economic history of, where a static society under a relatively benevolent regime of scholar-gentry contrasts with the potentially revolutionary and dynamic society of the West at the end of the Middle Ages. In recent years, the Chinese government has been making every effort to catch up with the West again, and there is little doubt that the gap is being reduced year by year. But willavoid the West's mistakes？

76.So far, how many volumes have been published_____

A.Five.

B.Four.

C.Three.

D.None.

77.The first volume was published ___.

A.ten years ago

B.last year

C.five years ago

D.twenty years ago

78.Theunderlinedword “skeptical" means_____

A.doubtful

B.worried

C.sad

D.angry

79.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage_____

A.Gunpowder.

B.Needle.

C.Paddle boats.

D.Bridge design.

80.The best title for this passage is____.

A.China's Inventions

B.Comparisons Between the East and the West

C.China Is Catching Up

D.Situations in China

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第4题

Despite the road improvements of the turnpike era（1790—1830), Americans continued as in co

Despite the road improvements of the turnpike era(1790—1830), Americans continued as in colonial times to depend wherever possible on water routes for travel and transportation. The larger rivers, especially the Mississippi and the Ohio, became increasingly useful as steamboats grew in number and improved in design.

River boats carried to New Orleans the corn and other crops of northwestern farmers, the cotton and tobacco of southwestern planters. From New Orleans, ships took the cargoes on to eastern sea ports. Neither the farmers of the west nor the merchants of the east were completely satisfied with this pattern of trade. Farmers could get better prices for their crops if the alternative existed of sending them directly eastward to market, and merchants could sell larger quantities of their manufactured goods if these could be transported more directly and more economically to the west.

New waterways were needed. Sectional jealousies and constitutional scruples stood in the way of action by the federal government, and necessary expenditures were too great for private enterprise. If extensive canals were to be dug, the job would be up to the various states.

New York was the first to act. It had the natural advantage of a comparatively level route between the Hudson River and Lake Erie, through the only break in the Appalachian Mountain chain. Yet the engineering tasks were imposing. The distance was more than 350 miles, and there were ridges to cross and a wilderness of woods and swamps to penetrate. The Erie Canal, begun in 1817 and completed in 1825, was by far the greatest construction job that Americans had ever undertaken. It quickly proved a financial success as well. The prosperity of the Erie encouraged the state to enlarge its canal system by building several branches.

The range of the New York canal system was still further extended then the states of Ohio and Indiana, inspired by the success of the Erie Canal, provided water connections between Lake Erie and the Ohio River.

What does the passage suggest was the principal route for transporting crops to the east prior to 12？

A．River to road

B．Canal to river

C．River o ocean

D．Road to canal

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第5题

Children are a relatively modern invention. Until a few hundred years ago they did not exi

st. In medieval and Renaissance painting you see pintsized men and women, wearing grown-up clothes and grown-up expressions, performing grown-up tasks. Children did not exist because the family as we know it had not evolved.

Children today not only exist; they have taken over, in no place more than in America, and at no time more than now. It is always Kids' Country here. Our civilization is child-centered, child-obsessed. A kid's body is our physical ideal. In Kids' Country we do not permit middle-age. Thirty is promoted over 50, but 30 knows that soon his time to be overtaken will come.

We are the first society in which parents expect to learn from their children. Such a topsy-turvy (颠倒) situation has come about at least in part because, unlike the rest of the world, ours is an immigrant society, and for immigrants the only hope is in the kids. In the Old Country, that is, Europe, hope was in the father, and how much wealth he could accumulate and pass along to his children. In the growth pattern of America and its everexpanding frontier, the young man was ever advised to GO WEST; the father was ever inheriting from his son. Kids' Country may be the inevitable result.

Kids' Country is not all bad. America is the greatest country in the world to grow up in because it is Kids' Country. We not only wear kids' clothes and eat kids' food; we dream Kids' dreams and make them come true. It was, after all, a boy's game to go to the moon.

If in the old days children did not exist, it seems equally true today that adults, as a class, have begun to disappear, condemning all of us to remain boys and girls forever, jogging and doing push-ups (俯卧撑) against eternity.

The author uses the example of the Renaissance painting to show that ______.

A．adults showed less concern for children than we do now

B．adults were smaller and thinner at that time; but they still had a lot of work to do

C．children looked and acted like adults at that time

D．children were not permitted to appear in family paintings at that time

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第6题

The nuclear age in which the human race is living, and may soon be dying, began for the ge

neral public with the dropping of an atom bomb on Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. But for nuclear scientists and for certain American authorities, it had been known for some time that such a weapon was possible. Work towards making it had been begun by the United States, Canada and Britain very soon after the beginning of the Second World War. The existence of possibly explosive forces in the nuclei of atoms had been known ever since the structure of atoms was discovered by Rutherford.

An atom consists of a tiny core called the "nucleus" with attendant electrons circling round it. The hydrogen atom, which is the simplest and lightest, has only one electron. Heavier atoms have more and more as they go up the scale. The first discovery that had to do with what goes on in nuclei was radioactivity, which is caused by particles being shot out of the nucleus. It was known that a great deal of energy is locked up in the nucleus, but, until just before the outbreak of the Second World War, there was no way of releasing this energy in any large quantity. A revolutionary discovery was that, in certain circumstances, mass can be transformed into energy in accordance with Einstein's formula which states that the energy generated is equal to the mass lost multiplied by the square of the velocity of light.

The A-bomb, however, used a different process, depending upon radioactivity. In this process, called "fission", a heavier atom splits into two lighter atoms. In general, in radioactive substances this fission proceeds at a constant rate which is slow where substances occurring in nature are concerned. But there is one form. of uranium called "U235" which, when it is pure, sets up a chain reaction which spreads like fire, though with enormously greater rapidity. It is this substance which was used in making the atom bomb.

The political background of the atomic scientists' work was the determination to defeat the Nazis. It was held--I think rightly--that a Nazi victory would be an appalling disaster. It was also held, in Western countries, that German scientists must be well advanced towards making an A-bomb, and that if they succeeded before the West did they would probably win the war. When the war was over, it was discovered, to the complete astonishment of both American and British scientists, that the Germans were nowhere near success, and as everybody knows, the Germans were defeated before any nuclear weapons had been made. But I do not think that nuclear scientists of the West can be blamed for thinking the work urgent and necessary. Even Einstein favored it.

When, however, the German war was finished, the great majority of those scientists who had collaborated towards making the A-bomb considered that it should not be used against the Japanese, who were already on the verge of defeat and, in any case, did not constitute such a menace to the world as Hitler. Many of them made urgent representations to the American Government advocating that, instead of using the bomb as a weapon of war, they should after a public announcement, explode it in a desert, and that future control of nuclear energy should be placed in the hands of an international authority. Seven of the most eminent of nuclear scientists drew up what is known as "The Franck Report" which they presented to the Secretary of War in June 1945. This is a very admirable and far-seeing document, and if it had won the assent of the politicians, none of our subsequent terrors would have arisen.

We may infer that the writer's attitude towards the A-bomb is that ______.

A．it is a necessary evil

B．it is a terrible threat to the whole of mankind

C．it played a vital part in defeating the Japanese

D．it was a wonderful invention

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第7题

A．beginsB．has begunC．beganD．was begun

A．begins

B．has begun

C．began

D．was begun

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第8题

By the time he was 12, Edison _______ to make a living by himself.A.would beginB.has be

By the time he was 12, Edison _______ to make a living by himself.

A.would begin

B.has begun

C.had begun

D.was begun

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第9题

We were glad that by the time we got there the play（）yet.

A.had begun

B.hand't begun

C.has begun

D.hasnt begun

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第10题

By the time we got to the cinema the film（）for half an hour.

A.has begun

B.had begun

C.has been on

D.had been on

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