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第1题
The one value that nearly every American would agree upon is individual freedom. Whether you call it individual freedom, individualism, or【62】, it is the cornerstone of American values. It permeates every【63】of their society.
【64】their economic system may be dominated by large corporations, the majority of American businesses are small, and many are owned by an individual or a family. It is part of the "American dream" to "be your own boss", and being an entrepreneur is one of the most【65】ways to improve one's economic future.
Education is often regarded as the key to opportunity,【66】financial security. Americans take a pragmatic【67】to learning, so what one learns outside the classroom【68】internship, extracurricular activities and the like are often considered as important as what is learned in the classroom.【69】, lifelong learning is valued, which results in many adult continuing education programs.
【70】aspect of American society that may【71】non-Americans is the family. The nuclear family structure (parents and children) is【72】that in most cultures in the world, so it is often misunderstood. An important【73】of the American family is to bring about the happiness and independence of each individual family member.
Privacy is also important to Americans. The【74】of individual privacy may sometimes make it slower to make friends.【75】Americans respect one's privacy, they may not go much【76】a friendly "hello". Ironically, it is usually the foreigner who must be more assertive if a friendship is to be【77】.
The rugged individualism valued by most Americans stems from their frontier heritage. Early settlers had to be self-sufficient, which【78】them to be inventive. Their success gave them a(n)【79】about the future and a belief that problems could be solved. This positive spirit【80】Americans to take risks in areas where others might only dream, resulting in tremendous advance【81】technology, health and science.
(63)
A．dignity
B．entity
C．independence
D．autonomy
第2题
We judge race usually 【22】______ the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But 【23】______ you were to remove the skin you could not 【24】______ anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is 【25】______ in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to 【26】______ a difference.
There are four types of blood. 【27】______ types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the 【28】______ . No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will 【29】______ in size, but this occurs within every race. 【30】______ does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain 【31】______ examined belonged to a person of weak 【32】______ .On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had 【33】______ brains.
Mental tests which are reasonably 【34】______ show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race. 【35】______ equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location. Individuals of every race 【36】______ civilization to go backward or forward. Training and education can change the response of a group of people, 【37】______ enable them to behave in a 【38】______ way.
The behavior. and ideals of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new 【39】______ is better and higher than anything 【40】______ the past.
【21】
A．complete
B．full
C．total
D．whole
第3题
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster (收养) homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.
This selection can be titled ______.
A．Measuring Your Intelligence
B．Intelligence and Environment
C．The Case of Peter and Mark
D．how the Brain Influences Intelligence
第4题
We judge race usually【B2】the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But【B3】you were to remove the skin, you could not tell anything about the race【B4】which the individual belonged. There is【B5】in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to【B6】a difference.
There are four types of blood.【B7】types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the【B8】. No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will【B9】in size, but this occurs within every race.【B10】does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain【B11】examined belonged to a person of weak【B12】. On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had【B13】brains.
Mental tests which are reasonably【B14】show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race,【B15】equal educational experience, there will be no difference in average intelligence, either on account of race or geographical location.
Individuals of every race【B16】civilization to go backward or forward. Training and education can change the response of a group of people,【B17】enable them to behave in a【B18】way.
The behavior. and ideals of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new【B19】is better and higher than anything【B20】the past.
【B1】
A．consists of
B．is consisted of
C．consisted of
D．consist of
第5题
America most definitely has culture and the culture of America is easily the most dominant of the world, whether it is McDonald's in the heart of what as once the center of the Evil Empire, or Arnold Schwarzenagger storming across German theatres, or Disneyland sending the French snobs into hysteria, American culture dominates Europe as never before. And it is not just Europe. Enter any shopping center in Asia and the odds are that the music blasting over the sound system is American pop music. Madonna look-alikes speak Mandarin Chinese.
Often, American culture is derided by the so-called "intellectuals." (And by that, I do not mean the traditional definition of those who use their intellect to make a living as, in a increasingly service economy, there are few people today who would not fit into that category but, rather, people who fancy themselves as in some way gifted to impose their views upon the rest of us, to save us from ourselves. )
What is it about American culture that annoys the "intellectuals" so much？ It is precisely that which differentiates it from other cultures, particularly the cultures of Europe ("intellectuals" tending to be europhiles). Whereas European culture (and, indeed, most pre-industrial cultures) sprang from their traditions of aristocracy and the subservience of the ruling class, American culture serves the middle-class, the vulgar, if you will. Whereas European culture is concerned with what is exclusive and aloof, American culture is concerned with what is common and accessible. You don't need classes in school in rock music appreciation or the finer aspects of eating pizza.
Some have suggested that America is doomed because it has no culture. But the contrary is more likely the case. In spite of the best efforts of the multi-cultural fascists, America has yet to fulfill its manifest destiny primarily because its culture is not only dominating and assimilating immigrants from every comer of the world, it is, indeed reaching out to every comer of the world and creating a world community, a community centered on the individual, every individual not just those gifted with expensive tastes.
From the beginning of the passage we can infer that the author ______.
A．believes that America has culture despite its inferiority to others
B．agrees that America has no culture, let alone an inferior culture
C．objects to both of the views about American culture
D．tries to show objectively the two views about American culture
第6题
The eight airlines of the One world alliance (联盟) have joined forces to give world travelers a simple way to plan and book a round-the-world journey. It's called the Oneworld Explorer program.
Oneworld Explorer is the perfect solution for a once-in-a-lifetime holiday or an extended business trip. It's a great way for you to explore the four comers of the earth in the safe hands of the eight Oneworld airlines.
You can have hundreds of destinations to choose from, because the Oneworld network covers the globe. And, as you travel around the world, you'll have the support of 260,000 people from all our airlines, who are devoted to the success of your journey, helping you make smooth transfers and offering support all along the way.
The Oneworld goal is to make global travel easier and more rewarding for every one of our travelers. We try our best to make you feel at home, no matter how far from home your journey may take you.
We can offer travelers benefits on a scale beyond the reach of our individual networks. You'll find more people and more information to guide you at every stage of your trip, making transfers smoother and global travel less of a challenge.
Oneworld in the passage refers to______.
A．a travel agency
B．a union of airlines
C．a series of tourists attractions
D．the title of a flight program
第7题
2 In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shorts, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.
3 An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.
4 In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition；every person's place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.
What is the main purpose of the passage？
A．To outline contrasting types of economic systems.
B．To explain the science of economics.
C．To argue for the superiority of one economic system.
D．To compare barter and money-exchange markets.
第8题
听力原文： Ask the average American,"What is freedom？"You will probably hear,"It's being able to do what I want to do." When Americans think of freedom, they often think of individualism.They see themselves more as individuals than as members of a family or social group.
In American culture.freedom means equality.The Declaration of Independence states that"all men are created equal."That does not mean equal in abilities or status.For Americans,equality refers to equal worth and equal opportunity. Every individual should have an equal chance to improve his life.True,America has not always lived up to that ideal.For many years,Native Americans,African Americans and immigrants have protested their unequal treatment. But American culture still teaches that people can work hard and fulfill their dreams.Whether this idea is true or not,people hear rags-to-riches stories often enough to confirm it in the minds of many people.
Freedom arouses strong feelings for Americans.The idea of liberty binds people together in this"land of the free." However,problems still exist.One individual's freedom can conflict with the rights of others. Someone once said,"You have the freedom to swing your fist around if you want.But your freedom ends where my nose begins."People can also become too concerned about their own rights.They might demand special treatment.However,the path to freedom is not completely smooth.Even so,for Americans,no other road is really worth traveling.
What do Americans often think of when thinking of freedom？
A．Collectivism.
B．Equality.
C．Social group.
D．Individualism.
第9题
Some adults require little sleep; others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four.Infants sleep sixteen to eighteen hours daily and,as they grow older,the amount gradually diminishes.Young students may need twelve hours; university students may need ten.A worker with a physically demanding job may also need ten,whereas an executive worker under great pressure may manage on six to eight.Many famous people are reputed to have required little sleep.Napoleon,Thomas Edison and Charles Darwin apparently averaged only four to six hours a night.
Whatever your individual need,you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for a total of more than twelve years.By that age you will also have developed a sleep routine:a favorite hour,a favorite bed,a favorite position,and a formula you need to follow in order to rest comfortably.Investigators have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep.Several people have reached more than 115 hours ?nearly five days,whereas animals kept awake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion.The limit for human beings is probably about a week.
1.According to the passage,the sleeping routine will be built at the age of（）.
A、10
B、20
C、30
D、40
2.The amount of sleep required（）.
A、varies greatly from individual to individual
B、depends on an individual's age
C、relates to an individual's occupation
D、all of the above.
3.From the amount of sleep Napoleon,Edison and Darwin required,we can infer that（）.
A、they were famous great men
B、they were executive workers
C、they were intelligent people
D、they were involved in mentally demanding work
4.From animal experiments,we can conclude that the final result of the lack of sleep is probably （）.
A、mental illness
B、mental breakdown
C、susceptibility to illness
D、death
5.The writer implies that（）.
A、sleep is important for good mental and physical health
B、a light sleep is as restful as a deep sleep
C、memory is improved during sleep
D、sleep is relatively unimportant for human beings
第10题
Modern jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member of society. Before a treatment can be administered, the cause of his antisocial behavior. must be found. If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done. Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated front the rest of the society. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. If severe punishments is the only adequate means for accompanying this, it should be administered. However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society. His conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.
The best title for this selection is ______.
A．Fitting Punishment to the Crime
B．Approaches to Just Punishment
C．Improvement in Legal Justice
D．Attaining Justice in the Courts
