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更多“The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal rel…”相关的问题
第1题
Many people in the United States worry about not looking young and attractive. For many people, looking good also means being thin. Other people worry about their health. Many doctors say being overweight is not healthy. But are Americans really fat？
Almost 30 million Americans weigh at least 20 percent more than their ideal weight. In fact, the United States is the most overweight country in the world. "The stored fat of adult Americans weighs 2. 3 trillion (兆) pounds, " says University of Massachusetts anthropologist (人类学家) George Armelagos. He says burning off that stored energy would produce enough power for 900, 000 cars to go 12, 000 miles.
Losing weight is hard work, but most people want to find a fast and easy way to take off fat. Bookstores sell lots of diet books. These books tell readers how to lose weight. Each year, dozens of new books like these are written. Each one promises to get rid of fat.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of losing weight？
A．To eat less fats and sugars.
B．To have surgery.
C．To take much exercise.
D．To work hard.
第2题
In short, the course of economic development in general depends in a fundamental way on the performance of farmers. This performance in turn, depends on how agriculture is organized and on the economic environment, or market structure, within which it function. In the following pages the performance of American agriculture is examined. It is appropriate to begin with a conversation of its market structure.
第31题：This passage is most probably ________.
A) a news item
B) part of an introduction of a book
C) part of a lecture
D) an advertisement
第4题
Being assertive (过分自信) is being able to communicate with other people clearly. If you felt that you had expressed what was important to you and allowed the other person to respond in their own way then, regardless of the final outcome, you behaved assertively. It is important to remember that being assertive refers to a way of coping with confrontations (对抗). It does not mean getting your own way every time or winning some battle of wits against another person. In practice assertive behaviour is usually most likely to produce a result which is generally acceptable to all concerned, without anyone feeling that they have been unfairly treated.
Assertiveness is often wrongly confused with aggression (侵犯行为). An aggressive confrontation is when one or both parties attempt to put forward their feelings and beliefs at the expense of others. In an assertive confrontation, however, each party stands up for their personal rights, but each shows respect and understanding for the other' s viewpoint.
The reason why assertiveness may not come naturally is that we often tend to believe that we must talk around a subject rather than be direct, or that we must offer excuses or justifications for our actions.
In fact we all have a right to use assertive behaviour in a variety of situations. We are often schooled early in life to believe that sometimes our own need to express ourselves must take secondary place. For example, in dealing with those in privileged positions such as specialists, we often feel that speaking assertively is, in some way, "breaking the rules". Everybody has certain basic human rights, but often we feel guilty about exercising them.
According to the passage, an assertive person ______.
A．makes other people feel unfairly treated
B．puts forward his ideas at the expense of others
C．does not show respect to other people
D．speaks out what he wants to say forcefully
第5题
In short, the course of economic development in general depends in a fundamental way on the performance of farmers. This performance, in turn, depends on how agriculture is organized and on the economic environment, or market structure, within which it functions. In the following pages the performance of American agriculture is examined. It is appropriate to begin with a consideration of its market structure.
第26题：This passage is most probably ________.
A) a news item
B) part of an introduction to a book
C) part of a lecture
D) an advertisement
第6题
Culture in general is concerned about beliefs and values on the __1__basis of which peope interpret experiences and behave, individually and in groups. Broadly and simply putting, "culture" refers to a __2__group or community with that you share common experiences that __3__shape the way how you understand the world. Culture is the "lens" __4__through which you view the world, it is central to what you see,how you make sense of what you see, and how you express yourself.Culture is often at the root of communication challenges. Exploring historical experiences and the ways in which various cultural groups have related to each other is key to open channels for cross- __5__cultural communication. Becoming more beware of cultural differences, __6__as well as exploring cultural similarities, can help you comminicate with the others more effectively. Next time you find yourself __7__a confusing situation, ask yourself how culture may be shaping your __8__own reactions, and try to see the world from the other's point of view. Anthropologists discovered that, when faced by interaction that we do not understand, people tend to interpret the others involved as "abnormal", "weird" or "wrong". Awareness of cultureal differences and recognizing where cultural differences are in work __9__is the first step toward understanding each other and establish your __10__own assumptions about the "right" way of doing things and as a chance to learn new ways to solve problems.
第7题
Most Americans find the idea of arranged marriages difficult to understand or accept. They believe that two people should marry for love, after a period of dating or courtship. During that period, the prospective marriage partners are supposed to learn enough about each other to decide whether or not they will be able to build a successful marriage. Today in America, it is common for people to live together as a way of preparing for marriage. The idea of an arranged marriage seems very old fashioned indeed.
But aren't all marriages arranged in one way or another？ In the United States marriages are seldom formally arranged, but quite a lot of informal arranging goes on before two people become husband and wife. People who get married are introduced to each other by friends. These friends have already decided that the two people are right for each other and arrange for them to meet. In the United States this kind of arrangement is very common. Because friends have such great influence, their approval of a dating or mating partner is very important.
Families also exert open and subtle pressures on their children to influence their choices of marriage partners. Parents often arrange dates for their own children. One parent often tells a friend a bout her beautiful daughter or handsome son. Also, parents can meet the perfect marriage prospect for their son or daughter through business relationships. Since parents often assist their children financially, they feel that they have the right to help the bride and groom select where they will live, what type of furniture they will purchase, and what their life-style. will be like.
To a larger extent, social class determines the choice of a marriage partner in the United States. Marriages are usually arranged between people of similar religious, ethnic, and financial back grounds. Despite what we see in the movies, the son of a bank president rarely marries or even meets a miner's daughter. Americans may not accept or understand arranged marriages, but marriages in the United States are arranged nevertheless.
Which of the following can be chosen as the best title of this passage？
A．Americans' Marriage
B．Arranged Marriage
C．Marriage for Love
D．Perfect Marriage
第8题
54.How many ways of dealing with the energy problem are discussed in the text?（）
A.Two
B.Three
C.Four
D.Five
55.From the text we learn that coal（）.
A.is quite easy to produce
B.is not used most fficienty
C.is the most common source of energy
D.could be renewed only by new technology
56.The writer tells about the "special houses" because they（）.
A.show the excellent skils of the builders
OB.serve as an example of energy conservation
C.are heated by dferent soures of energy
D.are warmer than other types of houses
57.The underlined words geothermal energy in the third paragraph mean（）.
A.renewable source
B.underground source
C.heat inside the earth
D.temperature of the earth
58.at a place where the surface temperature is 15°C, how deep do you have to dig so as to get a temperature of 75°C?（）
A.One km.
B.Two km.
C.Three km.
D.Four km
第9题
There is a need for people to conform. with society, therefore preventing social-emotional support for interracial couples.Many people are afraid of getting involved because of what others will think.People are often much more open to and ready to embrace the idea when it does not affect their life.“ I support the kid down the street marrying for love, no matter what color skin the person they love has.” However, the same person is not necessarily so supportive when his child brings home someone of another race.Without the support of family, relationships feel more stressful.
Different cultural ideas also increase stress in a relationship.People tend to argue more when they agree less.They tend to agree less when their ideas about things are different.People naturally value their ideas more than they value the ideas of others.This causes each person in the relationship to constantly try to convince the other that their ideas are worthy and that they are worthy of love.A relationship with constant disagreement and a consistent effort to convince the other they deserve their love, without a social network for support, is not likely to be a long-term relationship.
Experts suggest that the way to overcome this is to have a new identity.After securing themselves in the relationship, the partners develop new relational identities that are uniquely and mutually theirs as an interracial couple.This new identity provides the support that is needed to make a relationship succeed.
11.The main idea of Paragraph 1 is that_______.
A.in a conservative society in the past, there were no interracial marriages
B.in a conservative society in the past, interracial marriages were not supported
C.the rates of interracial marriages are still infrequent in an open society
D.compared with the rates of interracial marriages in the past, the current rates are higher
12.According to the passage, which of the following is true？
A.Since people are much more open in the modern society, they support interracial marriages
B.When their child falls in love with someone of another race, parents are usually supportive
C.People do not have to obey the rules of the society
D.Many people are supportive to interracial marriages when they are not concerned.
13.The author’s attitude toward interracial marriages is _______.
A.indifferent
B.supportive
C.neutral
D.negative
14.The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that _______.
A.people always try to convince other people that they are worthy of love
B.modern people tend to value their ideas more than they value the ideas of others
C.constant disagreement will usually lead to a short-term relationship if a supportive social network is not available
D.because of different cultural ideas, people tend to argue more while they agree less
15.The author mentions in the last paragraph that a successful interracial marriage depends on _________.
A.support from society
B.a new identity
C.a new identity and social support
D.a unique and mutual relationship
第10题
Protect Your Privacy When Job-hunting Online
A)Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfullyobtains and uses another person's personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically foreconomic gain.
B)The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent GeneralAccounting Office report estimates that as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year.And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have beenvictimized:
C)Identity theft is "an absolute epidemic", states Robert Ellis Smith, a respected author and advocate of privacy,"It's certainly picked up in the last four or five years. It's worldwide. It affects everybody, and there's very littleyou can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you can't detect it until it's probably too late."
D)Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot be given to someone else for their use, yourpersonal data, especially your social security number, your bank account or credit card number, your telephonecalling card number, and other valuable identifying data, can be used, if they fall into the wrong hands, topersonally profit at your expense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many people have reportedthat unauthorized persons have taken funds out of their bank or financial accounts, or, in the worst cases, taken over their identities altogether, rtmning up vast debts and committing crimes while using the victims' names. Inmany cases, a victim's losses may include not only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additionalfinancial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in the community and correcting erroneousinformation for which the criminal is responsible.
E) According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraud committed on the Internet. So how do job seekersprotect themselves while continuing to circulate their resumes online？ The key to a successful online jobsearch is learning to manage the risks. Here are some tips for staying safe while conducting a job search on theInternet.
F)Check for a privacy policy. If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure the job search siteyou are considering has a privacy policy, like CareerBuilder.com. The policy should spell out how yourinformation will be used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want to think twice aboutposting your resume on a site that automatically shares your information with others. You could be openingyourself up to unwanted calls from solicitors (推销员). When reviewing the site's privacy policy, you'll be ableto delete your resume just as easily as you posted it. You won't necessarily want your resume to remain outthere on the Internet once you land a job. Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job board,the more exposure, both positive and not-so-positive, it will receive.
G)Take advantages of site features. Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Before posting yourresume, carefully consider your job search objectives and the level of risk you are willing to assume.CareerBuilder.com, for example, offers three levels of privacy from which job seekers can choose. The first isstandard posting. This option gives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility to the broadestemployer audience possible. The second is anonymous(匿名的) posting. This allows job seekers the samevisibility as those in the standard posting category without any of their contact information being displayed.Job seekers who wish to remain anonymous but want to share some other information may choose whichpieces of contact information to display. The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to post aresume without having it searched by employers. Private posting allows job seekers to quickly and easily applyfor jobs that appear on CareerBuilder.com without retyping their information.
H)Safeguard your identity. Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safe while using theIntemet to search out jobs is to conceal their identities. Replace your name on your resume with a generic (泛指的) identifier, such as "Intranet Developer Candidate", or "Experienced Marketing Representative". Youshould also consider eliminating the name and location of your current employer. Depending on your title, itmay not be all that difficult to determine who you are once the name of your company is provided. Use ageneral description of the company such as "Major auto manufacturer," or "international packaged goodssupplier." If your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalent instead of the exact title assigned byyour employer.
I)Establish an email address for your search. Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employmentonline is to open up an email account specifically for your online job search. This will safeguard your existingemail box in the event someone you don't know gets hold of your email address and shares it with others.Using an email address specifically for your job search also eliminates the possibility that you will receiveunwelcome emails in your primary mailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesn'tcontain references to your name or other information that will give away your identity. The best solution is anemail address that is relevant to the job you are seeking such as salesmgr2004@provider.com.
J)Protect your references. If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of yourreferences, take it out. There's no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contactinformation of your references.
K)Keep confidential (机密的) information confidential. Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, driver's license, and bank account numbers or other personal information, such as race or eye color.Honest employers do not need this information with an initial application. Don't provide this even if they saythey need it in order to conduct a background check. This is one of the oldest tricks in the book--don't fallfor it.
46、Those who post their resumes online for a long time will run an increased risk of becoming victims of identity theft.
47、Robert Ellis Smith says that identity theft is spreading around the world and hard to detect beforehand.
48、Victims of identity theft may suffer additional financial losses in order to restore their reputation and correct wrong infbrmation.
49、In the US,750,000 people are estimated to become victims of identity theft each year.
50、It is a safer way to find a job online when you use an email account specifically.
51、One is supposed to learn how to manage the risks if he or she is going to seek jobs online safely.
52、Standard posting allows fullest potential audience to browse through the resumes posted online.
53、Honest employers will not ask their initial job applicants to reveal their social security account, driver's license or bank account numbers.
54、Make sure that your email address will not be named in a way that could let out your personal information.
55、Job seekers are advised to describe the company they are serving right now in a general way instead of giving an exact name.
第11题
This unconscious mimicry is quite interesting to observe. Take for example, the two men standing at the hotel bar. They have mirrored each other's gestures and it is reasonable to assume that they are discussing a topic upon which they have the same thoughts and feelings. If one man uncrosses his arms and legs or stands on the other foot, the other will follow, lf one puts his hand in his pocket, the other will copy and this mimicry will continue for as long as the two men are in agreement.
This copying also occurs among good friends or people at the same status level and it is common to see married couples walk, stand, sit and move in identical ways. People who are strangers, however, studiously avoid holding mutual positions. The significance of carbon copying can be one of the most important non-verbal lessons we can learn, for this is one way that others tell us that they agree with us or like us. It is also a way for us to tell others that we like them, by simply copying their gestures.
If an employer wishes to develop an immediate rapport and create a relaxing atmosphere with an employee, he needs to copy the employee's posture to achieve the end. Similarly, an up-and-coming employee may be seen copying his boss' gestures in an attempt to show agreement. Using the knowledge, it is possible to influence a face-to-face encounter by copying the positive gestures and postures of the other person. This has the effect of putting the other person in a receptive and relaxed frame. of mind and he can "see" that you understand his point of view.
What is an appropriate title for this passage？
A．Appropriate Social Behavior.
B．How to Make Gestures.
C．Carbon Copying: Showing Agreement Through Gestures.
D．How to Avoid Carbon Copying.
